Complete paradigms of important nouns
First declension
Feminine nouns
Most first declension nouns are feminine with nominative and genitive singular endings in -η/-ης like γνώμη or βουλή. Compare how their persisten accent changes.
In Attic, the η of these endings changes to α when it follows ε, ι or ρ, like οἰκία.
A smaller number of nouns have a short alpha in the nominative singular, and decline like θεράπαινα.
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | γνώμη, βουλή, οἰκία, θεράπαινα | γνῶμαι, βουλαί, οἰκίαι, θεράπαιναι |
| genitive | γνώμης, βουλῆς, οἰκίας, θεραπαίνης | γνωμῶν, βουλῶν, οἰκιῶν, θεραπαινῶν |
| dative | γνώμῃ, βουλῇ, οἰκίᾳ, θεραπαίνῃ | γνώμαις, βουλαῖς, οἰκίαις, θεραπαίναις |
| accusative | γνώμην, βουλήν, οἰκίαν, θεράπαιναν | γνώμας, βουλάς, οἰκίας, θεραπαίνας |
| vocative | γνώμη, βουλή, οἰκία, θεράπαινα | γνῶμαι, βουλαί, οἰκίαι, θεράπαιναι |
Masculine nouns
A few masculine nouns like πολίτης (and many masculine proper names) belong to the first declension. You will have to look at both the nominative singular ending -ης as well as the genitive singular ending -ου to distinguish these from second declension nouns.
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | πολίτης | πολίται |
| genitive | πολίτου | πολίτων |
| dative | πολίτῃ | πολίταις |
| accusative | πολίτην | πολίτας |
| vocative | πολίτα | πολίται |
Second declension
Second declension nouns may be masculine, like ἄνθρωπος, or neuter, like δῶρον.
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | ἄνθρωπος, δῶρον | ἄνθρωποι, δῶρα |
| genitive | ἀνθρώπου, δώρου | ἀνθρώπων, δώρων |
| dative | ἀνθρώπῳ, δώρῳ | ἀνθρώποις, δώροις |
| accusative | ἄνθρωπον, δῶρον | ἀνθρώπους, δῶρα |
| vocative | ἄνθρωπε, δῶρον | ἄνθρωποι, δῶρα |