Module 1: vocabulary

Links are to the standard scholarly reference lexicon for ancient Greek by Liddell-Scott-Jones.

Conjunctions and connecting particles

• ἀλλά
• γάρ
• καί
• μέν…δέ…δέ
• οὖν
• τε

Adverbs

• ἔπειτα “then, next”
• εὖ “well”
• καί “even, also”
• νῦν “now, at present”
• οὐ/μή “not”

Verbs

For this module, memorize the first, third and sixth principal parts of each verb.

• βάλλω, βαλέω, ἔβαλον, βέβληκα, βέβλημαι, ἐβλήθην throw, hit (by throwing), strike (by throwing), pelt
• γίγνομαι, γενήσομαι, ἐγενόμην, γέγονα, γεγένημαι, — become, come to be, be born, be
• δείκνυμι, δείξω, ἔδειξα δέδειχα, δέδειγμαι, ἐδείχθην show, demonstrate
• δοκέω. to think, suppose, have or form an opinion, decide. Especially in the latter sense, it is frequently used impersonally in the third person singular, it seems best (to someone) and therefore (someone) decided. Example: ἔδοξέ μοι, “I decided”. (μοι is a pronoun meaning “to me”.)
• δύναμαι, δυνήσομαι, —, —, δεδύναμαι, ἐδυνήθην be able, can, be capable, have the power
• εἰμί, ἔσομαι, —, —, —, — be, exist.
• ἔρχομαι, ἐλεύσομαι, ἦλθον, ἐλήλυθα, —, — go, come
• ἔχω, ἕξω or σχήσω, ἔσχον, ἔσχηκα, -έσχημαι, ἐσχέθην have, hold, possess; be able; be (in a particular state)
• ἡγέομαι, ἡγήσομαι, ἡγησάμην, —, ἥγημαι, ἡγήθην lead; think, consider, believe
• κελεύω, κελεύσω, ἐκέλευσα, κεκέλευκα, κεκέλευσμαι, ἐκελεύσθην bid, order, command, exhort
• λαμβάνω, λήψομαι, ἔλαβον, εἴληφα, εἴλημμαι, ἐλήφθην take, receive, catch, grasp
• λέγω, λέξω, ἔλεξα or εἶπον, εἴρηκα, εἴρηκα, λέλεγμαι, ἐλέχθην say, speak, tell
• ὁράω, ὄψομαι, εἶδον, ἑώρακα or ἑόρακα, ἑώραμαι or ὦμμαι, ὤφθην see, look, understand
• ποιέω, ποιήσω, ἐποίησα, πεποίηκα, πεποίημαι, ἐποιήθην do, make, create, compose
• πράττω, πράξω, ἔπραξα, πέπραχα or πέπραγα, πέπραγμαι, ἐπράχθην do, accomplish, make, act
• τελευτάω, τελευτήσω, ἐτελεύτησα, τετελεύτηκα, τετέλευτημαι, ἐτελευτήθην bring to an end or come to an end, die.
• τυγχάνω, τεύξομαι, ἔτυχον, τετύχηκα, —, — happen (happen to be, happen upon), obtain, get

Irregular forms to learn

• ἦν third-person singular imperfect indicative active of εἰμί, “she/he/it was”

Irregular forms: aorist of δίδωμι

	Active	Middle	Passive
third singular	ἔδωκε	※ ἔδοτο	ἐδόθη
third plural	※ ἔδοσαν	※ ἔδοντο	ἐδόθησαν

Irregular forms: imperfect of δίδωμι

Person and Number	Imperfect Active	Imperfect Middle	Imperfect Passive
third singular	※ ἐδίδου	ἐδίδοτο	ἐδίδοτο
third plural	ἐδίδοσαν	ἐδίδοντο	ἐδίδοντο