Adjectives: full declensions

First- and second-declension (or 2-1-2) adjectives

The following table illustrates the full declensions of 2-1-2 adjectives. Notice that the new dative and accusative endings are the same ones you already know from the noun forms you have learned.

Case	Masculine singular	Feminine singular	Neuter singular	Masculine plural	Feminine plural	Neuter plural
Nominative	ἀγαθός	ἀγαθή	ἀγαθόν	ἀγαθοί	ἀγαθαί	ἀγαθά
Genitive	ἀγαθοῦ	ἀγαθῆς	ἀγαθοῦ	ἀγαθῶν	ἀγαθῶν	ἀγαθῶν
Dative	ἀγαθῷ	ἀγαθῇ	ἀγαθῷ	ἀγαθοῖς	ἀγαθαῖς	ἀγαθοῖς
Accusative	ἀγαθόν	ἀγαθήν	ἀγαθόν	ἀγαθούς	ἀγαθάς	ἀγαθά

First- and third-declension (or 3-1-3) adjectives

Other adjectives are called “first and third declension” adjectives because the feminine forms belong to the first declension while the masculine and neuter belong to the third declension. As we have already seen with verb principal parts, the more common an adjective is, the more likely it is to be “irregular” in its forms. The most common irregular adjective in our readings this year will be the adjective πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν, and its compound form ἅπας, ἅπασα, ἅπαν. The English equivalents, depending on the particular use in context, include “all,” “every” and “whole.” That is, both adjectives indicate a completeness or entirety, and ἅπας, ἅπασα, ἅπαν emphasizes that quality even more. They decline the same way, although note the difference in persistent accent between the two.

Declension of πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν

Case	Masculine singular	Feminine singular	Neuter singular	Masculine plural	Feminine plural	Neuter plural
Nominative	πᾶς	πᾶσα	πᾶν	πάντες	πᾶσαι	πάντα
Genitive	παντός	πάσης	παντός	πάντων	πασῶν	πάντων
Dative	παντί	πάσῃ	παντί	πᾶσι or πᾶσιν	πάσαις	πᾶσι or πᾶσιν
Accusative	πάντα	πᾶσαν	πᾶν	πάντας	πάσας	πάντα

We will see further examples of the 3-1-3 declension pattern in the next module when we learn about participles, a kind of adjective made from verb stems.