Present participles of -ω (thematic) verbs
The present active participle: a 3-1-3 declension
The present participle creates a subordinate verbal expression that views the action similarly to the aspect of the finite forms of the imperfect tense. Like the imperfect tense, it uses the first principal part to construct its forms.
It uses third-declension endings for the masculine and neuter forms, and first-declension endings for feminine forms. Compare the present active participle’s pattern of nominative/genitive singular in -είς/-έντος, -εῖσα/-είσης, -έν/-έντος with the aorist active pattern -ας/-αντος, -ασα/άσης, -αν/-αντος.
Like the aorist active, the accent of the present active participle tries to persist on the antepenult.
| Case, number | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||
| Nominative singular | κελεύων | κελεύουσα | κελεῦον |
| Genitive singular | κελεύοντος | κελευούσης | κελεύοντος |
| Dative singular | κελεύοντι | κελευούσῃ | κελεύοντι |
| Accusative singular | κελεύοντα | κελεύουσαν | κελεῦον |
| Plural | |||
| Nominative plural | κελεύοντες | κελεύουσαι | κελεύοντα |
| Genitive plural | κελευόντων | κελευουσῶν | κελευόντων |
| Dative plural | κελεύουσι | κελευούσαις | κελεύουσι |
| Accusative plural | κελεύοντας | κελευούσας | κελεύοντα |
The present middle and passive participles: a 2-1-2 declension
Like finite verb forms built on the first principal part, the middle and passive forms of the present particle are identical. They use second-declension endings for the masculine and neuter forms, and first-declension endings for feminine forms. Compare the present active participle’s pattern of nominative singular in -όμενος, ομένη, -όμενον with the aorist middle pattern -άμενος, -αμένη, -άμενον.
Like the aorist middle, the accent of the present middle and passive participles tries to persist on the antepenult.
| Case, number | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | |||
| Nominative singular | κελευόμενος | κελευομένη | κελευόμενον |
| Genitive singular | κελευομένου | κελευομένης | κελευομένου |
| Dative singular | κελευομένῳ | κελευομένῃ | κελευομένῳ |
| Accusative singular | κελευόμενον | κελευομένην | κελευόμενον |
| Plural | |||
| Nominative plural | κελευόμενοι | κελευόμεναι | κελευόμενα |
| Genitive plural | κελευομένων | κελευομένων | κελευομένων |
| Dative plural | κελευομένοις | κελευομέναις | κελευομένοις |
| Accusative plural | κελευομένους | κελευομένας | κελευόμενα |